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Issue 09 (February 2016) of the monthly review of academic literature on research and innovation as sources for growth.

Issue 9 (March 2016) of the monthly review of academic literature on research and innovation as sources for growth.

Issue 10 (April 2016) of the monthly review of the academic literature on research and innovation as sources for growth.

This report summarizes the outcomes of the project. It starts with a survey of the literature on business R&D internationalisation in chapter two. Chapter three describes how we collected data, points to various challenges and pitfalls in the interpretation of this data and discusses the most pressing data needs.

Authors: Bernhard Dachs, Franziska Kampik, Thomas Scherngell, Georg Zahradnik, Doris Hanzl-Weiss, Gabor Hunya, Neil Foster, Sandra Leitner, Robert Stehrer, Waltraut Urban

The scope of the study was to provide an overview and analysis of innovation supply side and demand side policies and their interactions in the context of a broad policy reflection about how to develop the use of demand side instruments as part of a more integrated policy approach for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of research and innovation (R&I) systems at regional, national and EU level. This reflection and the study methodology selected sought to develop an analysis based of the experiences of countries which are the more advanced on the path of integrating supply- and demand-side policies in their overall innovation strategies. The study has four principal objectives:

• Identify, classify and characterise demand-side innovation policy measures and how they are being combined with the supply side;
• Assess the specific impact of demand-side innovation policy measures on the efficiency and effectiveness of the innovation policy mix;
• Analyse in detail and present five detailed case studies to highlight specific policy features which can be considered as obstacles, limitations or best practices;
• Recommend how to strengthen the demand-side of innovation strategies at national, regional or sectoral level.

Report forthcoming.

Authors: Marc Pattinson, Sophie Vallet Chevillard, Dimitri Gagliardi, Chiara Marzocchi, John Rigby, Yanchao Li and Deborah Cox, Robin Brighton, Gavriel Avigdor and Rebecca Lucas

This Report provides evidence and anlysis about the crucial role of research and innovation investment to fuel productivity and economic growth. The Report assesses Europe's position in research and innovation thanks to a set od exhaustive statistical and economic analysis that is organised around 3 broad themes: 1- Invest: Knowledge-driven competitiveness; 2- Reform of Research and Innovation Systems, to trigget excellence and knowledge circulation; and 3- Transform: From innovation to growth and job.

Author: European Commission

The Innovation Union Competitiveness Report aims at presenting an in-depth, substabtiated and enriched analysis about the research and innovation landscape. It constituttes the most comprehensive statistical and economic analysis about research and innovation from a European perspective. It brings together in a single document the information needed to properly understand the innate complexity of the European economy from an innovation point of view. The Report aims at being a practical tool to help policy makers and stakehodlers in regions, Member States and Associated COuntries to evaluate the situation in their geographical areas and how they contribute to building the European Research Area and the Innovation Union. The Report is structured around 5 key areas:

1- A description of the overall research and innovation landscape in Europe;

2- Investment and performance in R&D, investing for the future;

3-A European Research Area open to the world- towards a more efficient research and innovation system;

4- Towards an Innovative Europe- Contribution to the Innovation Union; and

5- New Perspectives: Smarter policy design- building on diversity.

Author: European Commission

This is a report of a group of experts invited by the European Commission to identify clearly what is covered and what is not included in two proposed headline indicators for knowledge transfer, as well as to discuss the extent to which the two indicators can be disaggregated according to specified dimensions. The two proposed headline indicators are the share of publicly performed research that is funded by the private sector  and cross-border cash flows related to licence revenue for technology.

Authors: Håkon Finne, Andrea Piccaluga, Adrian Day, Patricia Walter, Dorien Wellen

This report is the result of a task commissioned by the European Commission to a group of independent experts to develop a composite indicator for knowledge transfer from the research sector to other sectors, following the need to support ERAC’s work on indicators on knowledge transfer and on the implementation of the IP recommendation en-dorsed by the Council of the European Union. The Expert Group has chosen to develop indicators for three main sets of transfer mechanisms: through people, through co-operation, and through commercialisation.

Authors: Håkon Finne, Adrian Day, Andrea Piccaluga, André Spithoven, Patricia Walter, Dorien Wellen

The European Commission commissioned the OECD to elaborate a method to assign innovation coefficients to economic activities, i.e. all NACE Rev.2 3-digit business sectors covered in the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 20081. This paper presents this method.

Author: European Commission 

This Commission Staff Working Document accompanies the Commission Communication ""Measuring innovation output in Europe: towards a new indicator "", which presents an indicator to measure performance in innovation output. The rigorous measurement of innovation is critical to underpin evidence-based policy-making and for assessing the impact of policies and reforms. The European Council has given the European Commission the mandate to develop a single innovation indicator in the context of the Europe 2020 strategy, taking into account the commitment in the Innovation Union flagship initiative to ""launch the necessary work for the development of a new indicator measuring the share of fast-growing innovative companies in the economy"". There is widespread agreement among experts, Member States and Commission services that such an innovation indicator should be output-oriented, measure the innovation performance of a country and its capacity to derive economic benefits from innovation, capture the dynamism of innovative entrepreneurial activities, and be useful for policy-makers at EU and national level. The proposed indicator will support policy-makers in establishing new or reinforced actions to remove bottlenecks that prevent innovators from translating ideas into products and services that can be successful on the market. Improved performance will contribute to smart growth, in line with Europe 2020 and its Innovation Union flagship initiative.

Author: European Commission

This report proposes a novel way to conceptualise and measure research excellence at the country level using a composite indicator approach. So far, few studies measure scientific and technological research excellence at the country level whilst taking into account the multidimensional nature of research excellence. Following the OECD Oslo Manual, we define research as creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. Akin to the idea of national innovation systems, a national research system is made up of the actors within a country that jointly produce research outcomes. In our conceptual framework, national research systems contain four core elements: components (the operating parts of the system), relationships (interactions), attributes (motivations and goals), and outcomes (the creation of excellent knowledge). Scientific and technological research excellence is defined as the top-end quality outcome of systematically performed creative work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge and new applications. Having evaluated the quality profile of a large set of potential variables, we focus on four variables to measure the top-quality output of scientific and technological research activities at the national level: a field-normalised number of highly cited publications of a country as measured by the top 10 % most cited publications (in all disciplines) per total number of publications;  the number of high quality patent applications of a country as measured by the number of patents filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) per million inhabitants;   the number of world class universities and research institutes in a country as measured by the number of organisations of a country in the top 250 universities and 50 research institutes divided by gross expenditures in R & D of a country per ; and  the number of high prestige research grants received by a country as measured by the total value of European Research Council grants received divided by public R & D expenditures of a country.

Authors: Sjoerd Hardeman, Vincent Van Roy, Daniel Vertesy

Science-Metrix has been selected as the provider of bibliometric indicators for the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (DG Research), starting in September 2010 and extending to September 2014. This study work involves the collection, analysis and updating of bibliometric data that will be integrated into the European Commission’s evidence based monitoring of progress towards the objectives set forth in the Lisbon framework and the post-Lisbon Strategy for the European Research Area (ERA). The bibliometric component of this monitoring system is part of a package of six complementary studies reporting on the dynamics of research activities along the whole spectrum of knowledge, from R&D investments to publications, patents and licensing. The analyses provided by Science-Metrix to the European Commission focus on the scientific performance — including impact and collaboration patterns — of countries, regions and research performers (such as universities, public research institutes and companies). The statistics produced by Science-Metrix are based on a series of indicators designed to take into account national and sector specificities, as well as to allow for a comprehensive analysis of the evolution, interconnectivity, performance and impact of national research and innovation systems in Europe. They also provide an overall view on Europe’s strengths and weaknesses in knowledge production across fields and subfields of science. In measuring progress towards past and current objectives, this information aims to support the development of research policies for the ERA.

The main aim of this study is to contribute to building up a system capable of sustainable monitoring of knowledge and R&D exploitation flows, based on patenting and licensing data, from research to technology and to the market, within countries, across Europe and between Europe and the rest of the world.

Indicators and data collected are patents and co-patents; publications cited in patents; academic patents; highly cited patents and licensing data. The geographical scope is EU27, other ERA countries ( Candidate and EFTA countries), US, Japan, China, South Korea, Russia, India, Brazil (the last three countries in the limit of data availability). Sectoral analysis is about 15 technology sectors and the FP7 thematic priorities.

The main aim of the study is to assess the evolution of China’s Science, technology and innovation performance, analysing its economic impact on Chinese productivity and competitiveness, and on the global markets, taking into account the differences between various Science and Technology fields, economic sectors and types of actors involved. In this context, the study has the following goals: (i) Identifying, assessing and updating the data and indicators relevant to STI in China; (ii) mapping China's research and innovation capabilities in selected technologies as well as their translation in the development of its industry; (iii) providing an assessment of China's efforts and policies to develop its STI capabilities, including its international strategy; (iv) characterizing the framework conditions for innovation, providing in particular an overview of China's innovation system; (v) pinpointing opportunities and challenges brought about by the STI development of China.

forthcoming publication

The overall aim of the study was to test the use of data mining techniques and other ""big data"" treatment as a cost-efficient method to procure relevant information for evidence-based policy making.

To achieve this goal, and in order to define the potential of these techniques, a thorough and objective mapping of the technological and economic environment (Publications / Patents / Web / Actors / Projects) was done on two selected sample tasks:

- biomaterials field in France and Italy

- specialization patterns in Rhône-Alpes region

The applied  methodology included clustering, semantic analysis and geographical classification to analyze scientific, technical and economical data.

This study  highlights strengths and limits of using data mining in these cases and demonstrates the proof of concept for using bibliometric tools, semantic analysis and processing of data mining on "big data" sets in the evaluation of public policies.

Using mining tools and data mining analysis provides particularly a relevant answer when analysing heterogeneous data is possible.

forthcoming publication